STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION FEMALE GENITAL
Female reproductive system includes the external and internal genitalia . By external bodies include large and small labia and clitoris , to the inner - ovaries, fallopian tubes , uterus, cervix and vagina. Women's breasts are seen as extensions of the reproductive system of women . In the female reproductive system occur education egg (egg) , gestation , the developing of a fertilized egg , and the formation of sex hormones - estrogen and progesterone.
Estrogen and progesterone are necessary for the development and maintenance of female sex characteristics , pregnancy maintenance and regulation of the menstrual cycle. Menstrual cycle covers the processes of maturation and release of the egg from the ovary (ovulation ) , and changes in the uterine mucosa : the creation of conditions for the implantation of a fertilized egg or easpada mucosa (menstruation ) if the egg is not implanted proiskhodit.Vse these processes and changes occurring in the female reproductive system , governed by constantly alternating increase and decrease in estrogen and progesterone in the body , as well as the level of hormones secreted by the pituitary gland. The beginning of the female reproductive cycle is the occurrence of menstruation. Menarche occurs in most women between the ages of 11 to 17 years .
Completion of the cessation of menstruation cycle called menopause. Although menopause can also occur relatively early , such as the age of 35 , and quite late - at age 58 , most women cessation of menstruation occurs in the interval between 48 and 52 years. About Menopause Menopause can talk to when menses absent throughout the year. Cessation of menstruation due to the termination of the formation of hormones in the ovaries.
Ovaries
The ovaries are the female gonads . These glands containing more than a million immature eggs are in a woman's body from the moment of birth . Ovaries also formed hormones - estrogen and progesterone. Through continuous cyclic change in the content of these hormones in the body, as well as the secretion of hormones by the pituitary gland occur oocyte maturation and subsequent withdrawal from the ovaries . This process is repeated approximately every 28 days. Exemption ovum is called ovulation . In the immediate vicinity of each fallopian tube is an ovary .
Fallopian tubes
Fallopian, or fallopian tubes - two hollow tubes with holes leading from the ovaries to the uterus and the opening in the upper part of the uterus. At the ends of the tubes near the ovaries are villi. When an egg is released from the ovary, the villi their continuous movements try to capture it and drive into the tube so that she could continue her way to the uterus.
Uterus
In the normal state , outside of pregnancy , the uterus is a hollow organ shaped like a pear . It is located in the pelvic cavity . During pregnancy, the uterus increases. Inside it is a growth , and gestation . Uterine wall consists of layers of muscle . With the onset of labor and during the genera uterine muscles contract, the cervix is stretched and expanded , and the fruit is pushed into the birth canal .
Cervix
The cervix is the lower portion with a passage connecting the uterus and vagina. During labor the cervix wall thinning , cervical os expands and takes the form of a circular hole with a diameter of about 10 cm Thus it becomes possible to output the fetus from the uterus into the vagina. Usually the egg enters the tube already after its fertilization by sperm occurs . Vagina
Vagina - a muscular body , the birth canal , starting from the opening of the cervix and out. The main distinguishing feature of the cervix and vagina is their unique ability to contract and expand during childbirth .
Mammary glands
Female mammary glands consist of lobules and ducts - milk moves that are combined into a single channel, going out to the nipple. Hormonal changes occurring in the body after birth, stimulate milk production in dairy special cells dolek.Cherez dairy moves milk comes in overall milk duct passing through the nipple.